A comprehensive inquiry into the Tarbela-5 hydroelectric project has identified critical failures in project management and oversight. The investigation attributes the catastrophic cofferdam collapse to negligence by multiple stakeholders including Wapda, the construction contractor, and consulting firms. The incident has triggered massive budget overruns, with total project costs escalating dramatically from Rs82 billion to Rs317 billion, raising serious concerns about infrastructure project governance and accountability in Pakistan's energy sector.

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