Homi J Bhabha’s vision: What is India’s three-stage nuclear programme

India's nuclear energy strategy, pioneered by physicist Homi J. Bhabha during the 1950s, established a groundbreaking three-stage programme that continues to shape the nation's energy independence and technological advancement. This visionary approach combines thorium reserves exploitation, plutonium recycling, and advanced reactor development, positioning India as a leader in sustainable nuclear solutions. The programme remains globally significant for its innovative design and long-term sustainability perspective.